Figure  1. 


THE  LIBRARIES 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY 


AVERY  LIBRARY 


I 

I 

i 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 


Self-Feeding  Heater  without  Jacket 


Figure  3. 


Burning  Return  Flue  Heater. 


THESE  CUTS 

FOR 

ADVERTISING 
FREE  TO 
CUSTOMERS 

ON 

APPLICATION. 


Figure  2. 


Self-Feeding  Return  Flue  Heater. 


Figure  5 


Self-Feeding  Heater  without  jacket. 


Hot  Water 


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nvn.  ^c^Hionsr 


TROY,  N.  Y. 


H.  Stowell'S  Printing  House. 
Cannon  Place,  Troy,  N.  Y. 


PREFACE 


Pleating  by  hot  water  is  attracting  so  much  attention  from  architects,  dealers 
in  heating  apparatus,  and  the  public  generally,  that  we  find  it  necessary  to  issue 
this  Catalogue  in  response  to  the  inquiries  for  information  received  relating  to  the 
practical  introduction  and  use  of  the  system,  and  while  we  do  not  forget  the  Mahony 
Heaters,  we  endeavor  to  present  the  subject  in  a manner  to  be  understood  by  every 
one. 

In  1715  Sir  Martin  Triewald  first  utilized  hot  water  for  heating  purposes  by 
warming  his  greenhouses  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  Since  then  the  system  has  been 
in  extensive  use  in  England  and  Canada,  but  it  is  only  within  a few  years  that 
popular  attention  has  been  attracted  to  the  system  in  the  United  States,  where  it  is 
now  rapidly  growing  into  favor. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  apparatus  shown  in  this  Catalogue  as  being  especially 
adapted  to  the  warming  of  residences,  greenhouses,  etc.,  because  of  its  neat  appear- 
ance, convenience,  durability  and  moderate  cost. 

The  fact  that  we  have  for  years  manufactured  all  kinds  of  heating  apparatus, 
including  in  our  line  Steam  Boilers,  Hot  Water  Heaters,  Combination  Air  and  Water 
Heaters,  Combination  Air  and  Steam  Heaters  and  a full  line  of  Warm  Air  Furnaces, 
renders  our  statements  of  the  comparative  merits  of  the  various  systems  worthy  of 
consideration,  since  we  are  equally  interested  in  the  sale  of  all  the  heaters. 

Correspondence  is  invited  from  all  who  are  interested  in  the  purchase  of  improved 
heating  and  ventilating  apparatus. 

Respectfully, 

M.  MAHONY. 

Troy,  X.  Y„  1888. 


4 


The  Hot  Water  System. 


A complete  hot  water  “plant”  ready  for  use  in  residences,  etc.,  consists  of  the 
Heater  or  Boiler  ; the  Radiators,  placed  in  the  rooms  to  be  warmed  ; the  Pipes 
for  conducting  the  heated  water  from  the  heater  to  the  radiators  and  thence  back 
again  ; the  Tank  for  the  expansion  of  the  water  due  to  heating  ; a,  water-glass  on  the 
tank  to  show  the  level  of  the  water ; the  Valves  for  the  control  of  the  circulation, 
the  tilling  and  emptying  of  the  system,  etc.;  the  Air  Cocks  for  expelling  the  air 
from  the  pipes  and  radiators,  and  an  Over-flow  Pipe  from  the  expansion  tank,  either 
open  to  the  atmosphere  or  closed  with  a safety-valve. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  apparatus  used  is  very  similar  to  that  required  for 
heating  by  steam  in  appearance  and  cost,  the  principal  difference  between  the  systems 
being  that  in  the  one  the  boiler  alone  contains  water,  while  in  the  other  the  entire 
apparatus  except  the  expansion  tank  is  filled. 

Hot  water  is  a better  medium  for  distributing  heat  than  steam,  because  of 
greater  uniformity  in  the  temperature  obtained  ; steadiness  of  action ; simpler  appa- 
ratus, more  perfect  control  of  the  heat  to  suit  the  weather,  and  absolute  safety.  The 
cost  of  introducing  hot  water  is  slightly  in  excess  of  that  of  steam,  because  of  the 
greater  amount  of  surface  and  the  better  work  required,  but  the  cost  of  operating 
and  maintaining  the  system  is  much  less,  particularly  in  mild  weather,  when  a low 
lire,  that  would  not  begin  to  make  steam,  is  found  ample  to  heat  the  house  with  hot 
water.  In  mild  weather  it  is  difficult  to  get  any  heat  from  steam  without  having 
too  much , while  the  temperature  of  the  water  can  be  regulated  to  any  degree  to  suit 
the  weather. 

It  hardly  seems  necessary  to  compare  the  hot  water  system  with  warm  air  heat- 
ing, because  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  the  necessary  apparatus  prevents  their 
becoming  rivals.  We  cannot  admit  the  usual  arguments  of  those  who  make  only 
steam  or  hot-water  apparatus,  that  furnaces  cannot  do  satisfactory  work  because  of 
“gas,”  “dust,”  “burnt  air,”  etc.,  because  there  is  not  the  slightest  need  of  such 
results  if  the  furnaces  are  fairly  treated.  The  truth  is  that  in  medium-sized  resi- 
dences, excellent  work  can  be  done  with  the  warm  air  furnaces. 

The  system  of  using  hot  water  and  warm  air  in  combination  has  many  good 
points,  and  frequently  gives  an  intelligent  dealer  an  advantage  over  his  competitors 
in  making  estimates.  In  large  residences  or  buildings  where  warm  air  furnaces  have 
proven  unsatisfactory,  the  combination  system  is  especially  valuable. 


Cl  A SiltS 


j 

The  Principles  of  the  System. 


The  principles  involved  in  heating  by  hot  water  are  very  simple,  but  must  be 
understood  and  strictly  followed  to  ensure  success.  The  lieat  is  carried  from  the 
heater  to  the  radiators  by  the  circulating  water,  and  the  success  of  the  whole  work 
depends  upon  free  and  perfect  circulation.  The  circulation  is  caused  entirely  by 
gravity , or  by  the  difference  in  weight  of  the  water  in  various  parts  of  the  system, 
and  not  at  all  by  pressure,  as  some  accustomed  to  heating  by  steam  are  likely  to 
think. 

Water  is  expanded  or  increased  in  volume  when  heated  so  that  a given  amount 
of  warm  water  weighs  less  than  an  equal  volunu  of  cold  water.  If  water  be  heated 
from  the  freezing  to  the  boiling  point  there  will  be  an  increase  of  its  volume  of  about 
one-twenty-third;  that  is:  a column  of  water  twenty-two  feet  high  at  freezing  point 
will  balance  a column  of  water  twenty-three  feet  high  at  the  boiling  point.  To  heat  a 
cubic  foot  of  water  from  32°  to  212°  would  not  reduce  its  weight,  but  it  would  increase 
its  volume  to  one  and  one-twenty-third  cubic  feet;  so  that  a cubic  foot  of  the  boiling 
water  would  weigh  one-twenty-third  less  than  the  cubic  foot  at  the  freezing  point. 

When  the  system  is  completed  it  is,  with  the  exception  of  the  expansion  tank,  en- 
tirely tilled  with  water;  and  since  the  temperature  is  the  same  at  all  points  there  will  be 
perfect  equilibrium  and  consequently  no  movement.  Upon  lighting  the  tire  in  the  hearer 
the  water  at  that  point,  made  specifically  lighter  by  heating  than  that  in  the  rest  of  the 
system,  is  displaced  and  forced  upward  by  the  cold  water  from  the  return  pipes.  Thus 
a circulation  is  established,  upward  in  the  flow  pipes  and  downward  in  the  return  pipes, 
which  continues  so  long  as  there  is  any  difference  in  the  temperature  of  the  water  in  the 
system. 

The  circulation  of  water  beloio  the  boiler  is  practicable,  and  when  necessary  can  be 
readily  accomplished  by  proper  piping.  Sufficient  difference  in  weight  must  be  secured 
by  loss  of  heat  above  the  boiler  to  overcome  the  tendency  of  the  cooled  water  to  remain 
at  the  lowest  point  of  the  system.  This  is  best  accomplished  by  placing  the  radiators 
below  the  heater  on  the  return  from  the  upper  radiators. 

The  rapidity  of  the  circulation,  other  things  being  equal,  depends  upon  the  differ- 
ence in  temperature,  and  therefore  difference  in  weight  of  the  water  in  the  flow  and 
return  pipes.  Free  circulation  is  prevented  or  retarded  by  numerous  angles,  too  small 
pipes,  air  traps,  etc.,  but  when  the  principles  are  understood  and  care  and  good  judg- 
ment are  exercised,  hot  water  heating  becomes  easy  and  satisfactory. 


6 


The  Hot  Water  “Plant.” 

BOILERS. 

The  first  and  most  important  part  of  the  apparatus  would  seem  to  be  the  source  of 
heat,  or  heat  generator — the  Boiler.  This  may  be  looked  upon  as  a machine  constructed 
with  a two-fold  purpose,  namely:  to  convert  fuel  into  heat  and  to  impart  the  generated 
heat  to  the  surrounding  water. 

In  constructing  heating  boilers  it  is  necessary  to  maintain  a proper  balance  between 
these  two  parts  of  the  work.  Some  boilers  are  most  excellent  for  converting  fuel  into 
heat.  In  them  “the  combustion  is  perfect”  and  as  coal  consumers  they  are  undoubted 
successes  and  blessings  to  the  coal  merchants.  On  the  other  hand,  some  attempt  to  save 
so  much  heat  that  their  heaters  are  altogether  unfit  for  domestic  or  private  use,  because 
their  complicated  construction  and  the  light  material  of  which  they  are  built,  necessitates 
frequent  cleaning  and  constant  expense  for  repairs.  Such  boilers  work  splendidly  at 
first,  but  their  race  is  soon  run.  The  ideal  heater  represents  the  “happy  medium” 
between  the  two  extremes  just  mentioned.  It  is  the  boiler  with  sufficient  heating  surface 
to  prevent  an  extravagant  consumption  of  fuel,  but  without  so  much  surface  in  compli- 
cated tubes,  etc.,  as  to  cause  an  extravagant  expenditure  of  labor  and  time  (quite  as 
costly  as  fuel)  in  keeping  them  in  working  order. 

In  considering  the  merits  of  a boiler  the  design  of  its  construction  must  be  kept  in 
mind.  The  Mahon y Hot  Water  Heater  is  especially  designed  for  heating  resi- 
dences, and  admirably  answers  the  purpose.  Many  engineers  and  dealers  pay  attention 
to  the  extent  of  the  heating  surface  to  the  exclusion  of  the  consideration  of  other  equally 
important  points  and  without  appreciating  the  difference  in  effectiveness  and  power 
between  direct  surface,  exposed  to  radiant  heat  and  indirect  or  flue  surface. 

In  connection  with  this  subject  we  take  the  liberty  of  quoting  the  opinion  of  Mr. 
Wm.  J.  Baldwin,  in  his  standard  work,  “ Steam  Heating  for  Buildings,”  in  which  the 
description  of  the  best  heater  for  residences  closely  fits  the  Mahony  Boiler. 

Mr.  Baldwin  writes  as  follows:  “The  direct  heating  surface  of  a boiler  (fire-box)  has 
a value  several  times  greater  than  the  indirect  surface  (flues  and  tubes);  but  the  shape  of 
the  furnace,  its  size  and  the  angle  of  the  heating  surface,  as  well  as  the  length,  size  and 
position  of  its  Hues,  give  a greater  or  less  value  to  the  indirect  surface;  but  these  values 
are  only  comparative. 

“ In  constructing  boilers  for  heating  apparatus,  an  effort  should  be  made  to  have 
the  greatest  amount  of  direct  surface  with  a minimum  of  indirect  surface;  for  it  is  desir- 
able to  have  slow  combustion  with  thick  fires,  and  thus  reduce  the  attendance  to  a 
minimum. 


7 

“ When  furnaces  are  comparatively  small  with  a high  rate  of  combustion,  Hue  sur- 
faces may  be  lengthened  with  beneficial  results;  but  in  a private  house  with  a self-feeding 
boiler  (base  burner),  or  one  which  has  a deep  furnace,  constructed  to  put  in  six  to  eight 
hours’  coal,  a great  part  of  the  heating  surface  should  be  in  the  fire-box;  the  heat  from 
the  gases  being  comparatively  low-tempered  and  the  amount  passed  in  a given  time 
small.  * * * * * * '*  * All  that  can  be  gained  by  crowding  the  fire-pot  with 

surfaces,  hanging  or  otherwise,  is,  to  reduce  the  bulk  of  the  boiler;  the  surfaces  will  be 
the  same  size  still,  for  the  same  work.  It  is  therefore  poor  economy  to  reduce  the  size 
when  nothing  else  is  gained,  and  make  surfaces  which  will  fill  up  on  the  inside  with 
sediment,  choke  up  in  the  tubes  or  between  them  with  soot  and  ash,  and  wear  out  in 
one-tliird  of  the  ordinary  time. 

“ It  is  an  incontrovertible  fact  that  boilers  with  very  small  parts  require  more  sur- 
face for  the  same  work  than  with  large  and  plain  parts,  because  of  the  impossibility  to 
thoroughly  clean  them  and  the  rapidity  with  which  they  choke,  the  nearness  of  the  tubes 
allowing  the  dirt  to  bridge  between  them. 

“A  maximum  of  fire-box  with  a minimum  of  flues  is  proper,  and  should,  be  the  rule 
in  all  house  heating  where  there  is  generally  plenty  of  room  in  the  cellar. 

“ If  the  surface  of  the  fire-box  be  increased  by  projections  or  corrugations,  for  the 
object  of  an  increase  of  surface  in  contact  with  the  highly  heated  gases  of  the  furnace, 
they  should  be  large  and  in  vertical  rows,  so  nothing  can  find  lodgment  on  them. 

“■The  boilers  which  have  given  the  best  evaporative  results  as  well  as  the  least 
trouble  and  lasted  the  longest,  have  been  the  simplest,  and  the  evaporative  results  of 
boilers  depend  more  on  the  care  with  which  they  are  kept  clean,  and  the  unimpeded  cir- 
culation of  the  water  within  them,  than  upon  any  peculiar  disposition  of  the  heating 
surfaces.” 


8 


THE  |= 

Mahony  Hot  Water  Heater. 

SEL  K-  FEEDING. 


This  heater  is  designed  to  embrace  all  the  essential  features  of  a successful  residence 
heater , which  is  usually  cared  for  by  domestics  or  members  of  the  family.  It  is  claimed 
that  in  this  heater  will  be  found  more  good  points  and  less  bad  ones  than  in  any  offered 
to  the  Trade. 

It  is  a magazine  heater , and  will  maintain  a steady  fire  for  from  ten  to  eighteen 
hours  in  the  coldest  weather. 

It  is  a cast-iron  heater , and  made  so  heavy  that  it  will  last  for  very  many  years. 

It  has  no  joints  packed  with  rubber  nor  asbestos,  and  will  never  become  leaky. 

It  requires  no  brick  work , and  can  be  set  up  complete  in  from  thirty  minutes  to  two 
hours. 

It  has  no  flues  to  clean  nor  any  surfaces  to  become  choked  with  soot. 

It  has  the  patented  Mahony  Rocker  Grate  with  standing  shaker,  and  can  be 
cared  for  without  soiling  the  clothing. 

It  is  built  on  correct  principles,  and  the  circulation  is  not  impeded  by  horizontal 
sections  nor  small  openings. 

It  has  more  effective  heating  surface  in  proportion  to  its  grate  area  than  any  heater 
on  the  market. 

It  has  no  brick  lining  to  deaden  the  heating  surface  or  require  frequent  repairs. 

It  is  neat  in  appearance , compact  in  form,  easy  to  handle,  and  free  from  dust 
and  gas. 

It  id  ill  not  explode , and  can  be  safely  operated  under  eighty  pounds  pressure. 

It  is  the  cheapest  boiler  made  for  the  heating  power  it  develops. 

The  Mahony  Heater  consists  of  two  very  heavy  shells  of  cast  iron,  the  one  fitting 
within  the  other,  forming  the  water  space  between  them.  These  shells  are  fastened 
together  by  numerous  screw-studs  and  the  joints  are  then  caulked  with  iron  filings, 
making  the  whole  boiler  practically  one  solid  piece  of  iron.  The  fact  that  the  heaters 
are  packed  ready  for  use,  prior  to  shipment,  saves  dealers  much  annoyance,  as  it  is  fre- 
quently found  difficult  and  sometimes  impossible  to  prevent  the  joints  on  sectional  boilers 
from  leaking,  owing  to  the  very  unequal  expansion. 

The  self-feeding  magazine,  besides  ensuring  a uniform  fire  for  a long  time  without 
attention,  also  serves  to  divide  the  flame  and  force  it  into  contact  with  the  heating 


9 


surfaces.  In  surface-burning  boilers  the  tire  is  often  low  in  the  morning,  and  must  be 
attended  to  several  times  or  it  takes  a long  while  to  warm  the  house.  The  magazine  does 
not  interfere  with  the  use  of  the  heater  as  a surface-burner  during  the  day,  if  desired; 
while  by  tilling  it  during  the  night  a quick  strong  tire  is  found  in  the  morning,  when  it  is 
most  needed. 

The  patent  Rocker  Grate  is  one  of  the  most  practical,  durable  and  convenient 
grates  in  use.  The  standing  shaker  gives  a leverage  which  enables  a child  to  clean  the 
tire,  while  the  ashes  and  cinders  are  ground  very  tine,  there  being  nothing  left  to  sift. 

The  Maliony  Heater  is  manufactured  to  meet  the  demand  of  the  Trade  for  a reliable, 
powerful  and  cheap  boiler  which  will  do  the  work.  It  has  given  great  satisfaction  in  its 
plain  form,  without  the  return  Hue  jacket.  To  meet  the  demand  for  the  best  and  most 
economical  boiler  the  Return  Flue  Jacket  has  been  added.  This  jacket,  while  increasing 
the  first  cost  of  the  heater  about  twenty-five  per  cent.,  effects  a saving  of  fuel  which  fully 
offsets  it.  On  this  point  we  again  quote  from  Mr.  Baldwin:  “ Reverberatory  or  drop 
flues  in  upright  boilers  save  much  heat.  A cause  of  loss  of  heat  in  upright  boilers  (and 
possibly  many  others)  * * * * * * * is,  the  heated  gases  find  the  tubes  directly 

over  the  fire  and  pass  out  rapidly  at  a high  heat,  of  their  own  gravity,  leaving  the  outer 
rings  of  tubes  inert,  as  may  be  seen  in  any  upright  boiler  where  the  Gibes  of  the  outer 
circles  are  clogged  with  dirt,  the  velocity  of  the  draft  in  the  middle  tubes  keeping  them 
comparatively  clean.  But  where  there  is  a row  of  drop  tubes,  or  a Hue  built  around  the 
outside  of  the  shell  of  boiler  with  the  chimney  flue  leading  from  the  bottom,  the  gases 
are  then  drawn  out  or  exhausted  by  the  heat  in  the  chimney;  and  the  gases  around  the 
upper  part  of  the  boiler  become  uniform  in  temperature  and  stratify,  the  lowest  being- 
drawn  off  first  and  the  others  following  according  to  their  temperature. 

“ When  combustion  is  good  and  the  gases  as  they  leave  the  boiler  and  enter  the 
chimney  flue  have  not  too  high  a temperature,  the  water  within  such  a boiler  has 
absorbed,  all  the  available  heat;  hence  to  increase  the  surface  of  such  a boiler  will  not  do 
much  good  unless  the  grate  surface  is  also  increased,  since  all  the  heat  has  been 
absorbed.” 

Experiments  on  this  point,  made  with  the  greatest  care  and  accuracy,  showed  the 
highest  temperature  to  which  it  was  possible  to  heat  the  gases  at  their  exit  from  the  re- 
turn line  jacket,  to  be  f rom  200°  to  J+00°  lower  than  from  sectional  boilers  under  like 
circumstances. 


10 


Systems  of  Hot  Water  Heating. 


Heating  by  liot  water  is  usually  and  preferably  done  by  what  is  known  as  the  “ Low 
Pressure”  or  “open”  system,  in  which  the  over-tiow  pipe  from  the  expansion  tank  is 
always  open  to  the  atmosphere.  By  this  method  of  heating  no  increase  of  pressure  can 
be  caused  by  increase  of  heat;  so  that  there  is  no  possibility  of  an  explosion  from  neg- 
lect or  other  causes.  It  is  expected  in  the  open  system,  to  accomplish  the  heating  by 
having  such  an  amount  of  radiating  surface,  that  in  the  coldest  weather  the  water  will 
just  be  heated  to  the  boiling  point;  such  heating  being  the  pleasantest,  most  uniform, 
and  most  economical  of  fuel,  though  it  is  the  most  expensive  to  introduce,  because  of 
the  large  amount  of  heating  surface  required  in  the  radiators. 

By  closing  the  over  flow  pipe  from  the  expansion  tank  with  a safety  valve,  the  sys- 
tem may  be  operated  under  any  desired  pressure;  the  object  of  pressure  being  to  raise 
the  temperature  of  the  water  above  212°  F.,  the  ordinary  boiling  point,  so  that  the  heat- 
ing may  be  accomplished  with  a correspondingly  smaller  amount  of  radiating  surface. 

The  “boiling  point”  of  water  depends  upon  the  pressure  it  is  under;  the  ordinary 
boiling  point  being  212°  F.,  because  at  a pressure  of  fifteen  pounds  per  square  inch,  or 
atmospheric  pressure,  water  becomes  steam  at  that  temperature.  If  the  pressure  be 
decreased,  steam  will  be  formed  at  a lower  temperature,  while  if  the  pressure  be 
increased  a higher  temperature  must  be  obtained  to  boil  the  water. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  to  increase  the  temperature  there  must  be  an  increase 
of  pressure;  so  that  to  obtain  a very  high  temperature,  there  must  be  very  great  pressure 
in  the  whole  system,  as  shown  in  the  following  table  of  pressures  corresponding  to  given 
temperatures;  the  total  pressures  being  given.  The  gauge  will  therefore  indicate  the 
atmospheric  pressure,  fifteen  pounds,  less  than  the  table. 

TABLE  OF  PRESSURES  CORRESPONDING  TO  GIVEN  TEMPERATURES. 


212  degrees  Fall.. 
228  “ “ 
240  “ “ 

250 

258  . “ 

267 

283 

295 

306 

315 

324 

332 

341 

358 

380 

400  “ “ 

408  “ “ 


15  pounds  pressure. 
20  “ “ 

25 

30  “ 

35  “ 

40  “ “ 

50  “ “ 

60  “ “ 


70 

80 

90 

100  “ 

120 
150 
200 
250 

300  “ 


It 
tt 
1 1 
tt 
1 1 
1 1 
tt 
1 1 
tt 


General  Directions. 

While,  of  course,  it  is  impossible  to  give  directions  so  plainly  and  definitely  that 
those  unaccustomed  to  the  work  will  understand  how  it  is  done,  we  endeavor  to  explain 
the  various  points,  and  make  such  suggestions  as  may  benefit  those  about  to  introduce 
the  system  of  heating  with  hot  water. 

THE  BOILER. 

The  principal  direction  to  give  about  the  boiler,  is  to  be  certain  it  is  ample  for  the 
work  without  forcing  or  frequent  attention.  If  a “No.  2”  Boiler  will  do  a certain 
amount  of  work,  the  “No.  3”  will  do  it  easier,  better,  and  cheaper.  If  you  need  a 
boiler  to  heat,  say,  four  hundred  feet  of  surface,  get  one  rated  to  heat  six  hundred;  not 
because  the  boiler  is  over-rated  but  because  all  boilers  are  rated  at  their  full  limit  of  work 
under  the  best  and  most  favorable  conditions,  and  no  heater  should  be  put  in  any  build- 
ing, particularly  residences,  to  use  its  full  rated  power,  because  it  is  seldom  under  favor- 
able conditions  for  its  best  work.  Errors  may  have  been  made  in  judging  the  amount  of 
surface  needed  for  certain  work;  there  is  certain  to  be  careless  attendance  at  times; 
poor  fuel  may  be  used  or  the  piping  improperly  done,  but  in  any  case  the  trouble  is  sure 
to  be  attributed  to  the  boiler,  rather  than  where  it  should  be  placed  ; so  start  right  and 
get  a boiler  large  enough  for  the  work. 

The  boiler  may  be  placed  wherever  desired,  but  it  is  better  that  it  should  be  as 
centrally  located  as  possible. 


THE  PIPING. 

All  piping  should  be  laid  out  with  reference  to  the  free  passage  of  the  water  in  the 
pipes.  We  do  not  advise  the  use  of  special  fittings  or  any  great  extra  expense  for  the 
purpose  of  avoiding  square  turns,  etc.,  but  wherever  “ Y’s,”  “45’s,”  and  long  bends  can 
be  used  instead  of  “Tees,’'  elbows  and  short  bends,  a gain  will  be  made.  Friction  in  the 
pipes  hinders  circulation,  and  for  this  reason  no  smaller  pipes  than  three-quarter  inch 
should  be  used.  On  the  other  hand  it  is  desirable  to  keep  the  volume  of  water  in  the 
system  as  small  as  possible  that  the  work  may  be  quicker,  so  that  very  large  pipes  are 
to  be  avoided. 

We  advise  the  use  of  main  How  pipes,  from  the  heater,  from  which  branches  are 
taken,  rather  than  the  practice,  advocated  by  some,  of  taking  off  nearly  as  many  pipes 
from  the  heater  as  there  are  radiators  to  supply. 

It  is  neither  necessary  nor  desirable  that  the  main  flow  and  return  pipes  shall  equal 
in  capacity  the  total  capacities  of  their  branches.  The  hottest  water  will  seek  the  high- 
est levels  ; gravity  causing  an  even  distribution  of  the  heated  water  if  the  surface  is 
properly  proportioned. 


12 


The  plans  shown  in  this  circular  will  suggest  a good  arrangement  of  the  system, 
though  the  sizes  of  pipes  given  are  larger  than  really  necessary. 

As  in  hot  air  heating,  the  supply  pipes  running  to  the  highest  points  should  be  pro- 
portionally smaller  than  those  to  first  floors.  Generally,  three-quarters  to  one  inch  pipe 
will  supply  radiators  having  less  than  fifty  square  feet  of  surface.  One  inch  to  one  and 
one-quarter  inch  pipe  should  be  used  for  larger  radiators. 

All  flow  and  return  pipes  should  be  run  side  by  side  over  head  in  the  cellar,  and 
securely  fastened  by  hangers;  due  provision  being  made  for  their  expansion  and  con- 
traction. 

THE  RADIATING  SURFACE. 

All  radiators  should  be  placed  as  near  the  cooling  surfaces — the  windows  and  outer 
walls — as  possible,  to  prevent  currents  of  cool  air  across  the  floors.  The  kind  of  radiator 
is  not  important,  so  long  as  proper  provision  is  made  for  the  expulsion  of  all  the  air  and 
free  circulation  of  the  water.  Wrought  iron  pipe  coils  are  rather  more  effective  than 
cast  iron  radiators,  though  not  so  convenient  for  use  in  residences. 

EXPANSION  TANK. 

For  receiving  the  increased  volume  of  the  water  in  the  system  when  it  is  heated,  a 
tank,  usually  made  of  heavy  galvanized  iron,  is  provided.  This  is  usually  made  in  neat 
form;  from  ten  to  fifteen  inches  in  diameter,  and  sixteen  to  twenty-four  inches  high,  of 
sufficient  capacity  to  hold  about  one-twentieth  of  the  water  in  the  entire  system.  There 
should  be  a half-inch  pipe  connecting  the  bottom  of  the  tank  to  the  return  pipe  or  boiler 
at  the  lowest  point  in  the  system;  this  being  quite  important  to  prevent  trouble  if  the 
water  boils.  From  near  the  top  of  the  tank  there  should  be  a three-quarter  inch  over- 
flow pipe  running  to  outside  the  building,  or  to  some  drain  where  water  would  do  no 
harm. 

In  case  the  over  flow  pipe  drops  below  the  tank  there  should  be  a small  open  pipe 
from  the  top  of  the  tank  to  admit  air,  and  thus  prevent  syphoning  the  water  out  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  system. 

A water  glass  should  be  placed  on  the  side  of  the  tank  to  show  the  heighth  of  the 
water  in  the  system. 

VALVES. 

Every  radiator  or  coil  should  be  provided  with  a valve  which  may  be  placed  either 
on  the  How  or  return  pipe  for  controlling  the  circulation,  and  regulating  the  amount  of 
heat  given  out. 

It  is  well  to  provide  the  how  and  return  pipes  near  the  heater  with  gate  valves,  and 
small  draw-off  cocks,  so  that  parts  of  the  system  may  be  shut  off  or  disconnected  with- 
out affecting  the  balance.  ' 


All  radiator  and  other  valves  in  the  circulating  system  should  be  “gate”  or  similar 
valves,  having  full  openings,  to  permit  the  free  passage  of  the  water. 

Air-Cocks  must  be  placed  at  the  highest  point  on  all  radiators,  or  coils,  to  permit 
the  escape  of  the  air  when  the  system  is  li lied  ; or  the  admission  of  air  when  the  system 
is  to  be  emptied.  Should  it  be  necessary  to  trap  the  pipes  to  go  under  or  over  doors, 
etc.,  there  must  be  an  air-cock  at  the  highest  point  of  the  trap  to  release  the  air,  since 
an  air  trap  prevents  the  circulation  of  the  water,  just  as  a water  trap  prevents  the  circu- 
lation of  steam. 


THE  WATER  SUPPLY. 

Provision  must  be  made  for  tilling  and  emptying  the  system.  Where  there  is  a 
water  supply,  connection  is  made  with  it  and  a valve  controls  the  amount  admitted. 
Where  there  is  no  water  supply  a funnel  may  be  placed  on  the  expansion  tank  and  the 
system  tilled  by  hand  at  that  point.  After  the  system  is  once  properly  filled,  care  having 
been  taken  to  expel  all  the  air  from  pipes  and  radiators,  there  is  practically  no  loss  of 
water , a pint  per  month  being  sufficient  generally  to  balance  the  loss. 

For  emptying  the  system  a valve  must  be  placed  at  the  lowest  point,  so  that  all  the 
water  may  be  withdrawn  if  desired;  as,  when  the  house  is  not  occupied  during  cold 
weather  and  lire  is  not  maintained. 

It  is  well  to  empty  the  pipes  several  times  at  first  to  clear  them  of  oil  and  dirt, 
after  which  the  system,  if  filled  with  good  clear  water,  preferably  rain  water,  will  not 
need  changing  for  years. 

The  management  of  the  heater  is  very  simple  and  requires  little  instruction.  It  is 
important  that  the  magazine  be  filled  full  at  night,  that  there  may  be  a supply  of  coal  in 
the  morning  when  a quick  fire  is  desired.  The  grate  must  be  thoroughly  cleared  in  the 
morning  and  well  shaken  at  night  before  filling  the  magazine.  Always  remove  ashes 
from  the  heater  as  soon  as  shaken  down,  that  the  grate  may  not  be  injured. 


METHODS  OF  HEATING. 

Residences  are  principally  heated  by  direct  radiation , in  which  system  the  radiators 
stand  within  the  rooms  and  heat  the  air  contained  in  them.  This  system  is  the  cheapest 
and  least  expensive  for  fuel,  but  no  provision  is  made  for  ventilation.  Where  a supply 
of  fresh  warmed  air  is  desired  it  is  secured  by  indirect  radiation , or  placing  a radiator 
within  a fresh  air  duct,  by  which  the  incoming  air  is  warmed  and  then  conveyed  to  the 
rooms  above  by  tin  pipes  through  registers,  as  in  furnace  heating.  Nearly  double  the 
surface  required  by  “direct  radiation”  is  needed  in  heating  by  “indirect.” 


14 


HOW  TO  ESTIMATE. 

We  are  constantly  called  upon  for  advice  upon  this  subject,  and  are  glad  to  give  all 
the  assistance  we  can,  but  the  conditions  vary  so  much  in  different  buildings  of  the  same 
size  that  definite  rules  cannot  be  given.  The  first  question  to  be  settled,  is,  the  amount 
of  radiating  surface  required  to  heat  the  building.  In  determining  this  point,  the  loca- 
tion and  exposure  of  the  building,  the  material  of  which  it  is  constructed  ; the  manner 
in  which  it  is  built ; the  temperature  to  which  the  various  rooms  must  be  warmed  ; the 
probable  care  the  apparatus  will  receive;  the  size  of  the  building — small  rooms  and  small 
buildings  requiring  much  more  surface  in  proportion  than  large  ones, — and  its  use,  must 
all  be  considered,  and  good  judgment  must  be  used,  in  deciding  properly  how  the  condi- 
tions found  will  affect  the  amount  of  heat  required.  Keep  on  the  safe  side,  since  there 
can  be  no  discomfort,  as  in  steam  heating,  from  too  great  surface,  since  the  temperature 
can  be  controlled  by  the  fire,  and  a large  surface  at  a low  temperature  is  much  more 
healthful  and  economical  than  a small  surface  highly  heated. 

It  is  found  in  practice — using  the  open  system — that  in  a fairly  well  constructed  resi- 
dence, of  medium  size,  exposed  on  all  sides,  a proportion  of  one  square  foot  of  direct 
radiating  surface  to  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  cubic  feet  of  space  is  required  on  the 
ground  floor,  to  give  a temperature  of  sixty  five  to  seventy  degrees  Fall.,  in  the  coldest 
weather  where  the  thermometer  sometimes  indicates  thirty  degrees  below  zero.  The 
upper  floors  will  be  sufficiently  warmed  by  a proportion  of  one  foot  of  radiating  surface, 
to  from  thirty  to  forty  cubic  feet  of  space,  provided  the  warm  air  is  free  to  rise  from  the 
first  floor  as  is  usual  in  most  buildings. 

Large  halls  and  churches,  in  fact,  large  buildings  generally,  require  a much  smaller 
proportion  of  heating  surface  to  the  cubic  space  than  small  buildings,  because  of  the 
much  smaller  proportion  of  wall  and  window  surface  to  the  enclosed  space.  For  instance 
a building  twenty  feet  wide  by  forty  feet  long  by  twenty-five  feet  high,  would  have  three 
thousand  square  feet  of  wall  surface  and  contain  twenty  thousand  cubic  feet ; while  a 
building  forty  feet  by  forty  feet  by  twenty-five  feet  would  contain  double  the  cubic 
space  with  an  addition  of  only  one  thousand  square  feet  of  wall  surface.  Heating  appa- 
ratus is  used,  not  so  much  to  heat  the  air  in  the  building,  as  to  overcome  the  effects  of  the 
cooling  surfaces. 

In  estimating  the  amount  of  heating  surface,  all  flow  and  return  pipes  must  be 
included  with  the  radiators,  unless  they  are  so  covered  as  to  prevent  the  loss  of  heat. 

Having  thus  determined  the  total  amount  of  heating  surface  required,  the  next  step 
is  to  decide  upon  the  size  of  boiler  required  to  do  the  work.  There  is  a natural  tendency 
on  the  part  of  all  dealers  to  select  the  smallest  boiler  they  dare,  in  order  to  keep  their 
figures  below  those  of  their  competitors;  a policy  which  frequently  results  in  securing 
contracts,  perhaps,  but  seldom  proves  profitable  or  satisfactory.  It  should  be  the  rule 
of  all  dealers  to  select  at  least  one  size  larger  heater  than  that  rated  to  do  the  work  re- 
quired; to  allow  for  careless  attendance,  or  errors  in  judgment,  and  to  ensure  an  easy- 


15 


working,  satisfactory  job.  Suppose,  for  instance,  that  the  total  heating  surface  is 
(500  square  feet.  The  No.  3 boiler  will  do  the  work,  but  the  No.  4 boiler  will  do  it 
easier  and  cheaper,  and  should  be  used,  the  difference  in  cost  between  the  boilers  being 
slight,  compared  with  the  difference  in  the  manner  in  which  the  heating  would  be 
accomplished. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  CUTS. 

Figure  1,  giving  the  exterior  view  of  the  heater,  shows  the  return  Hue  jacket  cut 
away  to  expose  the  boiler  within  Special  attention  is  invited  to  the  neat  and  substan- 
tial appearance  of  the  heater  when  ready  for  use.  It  is  as  convenient  and  clean  to  care 
for  as  a parlor  stove,  and  occupies  but  little  more  space.  The  patent  rocker  (/rate  with 
standing  shaker  is  an  important  feature,  and  renders  the  sifting  of  ashes  unnecessary, 
no  unburned  fuel  being  lost. 

Figure  2 gives  a clear  idea  of  the  construction  of  the  heater,  the  direction  of  the 
draft,  the  self-feeding  magazine,  and  especially  the  novel  manner  in  which  very  extensive 
and  effective  heating  surface  is  secured,  without  the  use  of  Hues  or  horizontal  surfaces 
which  can  become  choked  or  covered  with  soot  and  ashes.  Referring  to  the  cut,  A is  the 
draft  chamber  around  the  magazine;  B is  the  self-feeding  magazine,  holding  a supply  of 
coal  sufficient  for  from  ten  to  eighteen  hours;  C is  the  feed  door;  I)  is  a.  door  through 
which  the  Hre  can  be  inspected  and  attended  to;  E is  the  ash-box;  F is  a lift  door 
through  which  the  ashes  are  removed  and  by  which  the  draft  is  regulated;  G is  the 
direct  draft  damper,  to  be  opened  when  the  grate  is  shaken  and  the  magazine  til  led ; H 
is  the  drop-flue  smoke-pipe,  by  which  the  gases  are  exhausted  at  the  bottom  of  the 
heater;  K is  the  water  space,  entirely  surrounding  and  hanging  over  the  Hre  in  the  heavy 
folds  or  pockets,  M.  These  folds  are  large  and  plain,  they  are  self  cleaning,  and  cannot 
become  choked  with  soot.  It  will  be  noticed  that  no  rubber  nor  asbestos  packing  is  em- 
ployed, while  the  boiler  has  not  one-tenth  the  number  of  joints  found  in  all  sectional  or 
wrought  iron  boilers.  The  special  claim  of  remarkable  economy  of  fuel,  is  made  for  this 
return  Hue  heater. 


DIMENSIONS,  HEATING  POWER  AND  PRICE  LIST  OF  THE 


MAHONY  HOT  WATER  HEATER,  WITH  RETURN  FLUE  JACKET,  COMPLETE. 


SIZE  OK 

HEATER. 

Diameter 

of 

Fire-Kox. 

• 

Diameter 

of 

Grate. 

Diameter 

of 

Jacket. 

Height 

of 

Heater. 

Size 

of 

Heater  Base. 

Height  of 
Return  Opening 
from  floor. 

Weight 

of 

Heater  Complete.  | 

Heating  Power 
in  sq.  ft.  of 
surface. 

Heating  Power  i 

in  feet  of 

One  Inch  Pipe. 

Price  with 
Return  Flue 
Jacket. 

inches. 

inches. 

inches. 

inches. 

inches. 

inches. 

lbs. 

sq.  ft. 

lin.  ft. 

No.  0, 

10 

9 

17 

51 

17  x 20 

1234 

550 

200 

600 

8 60 

No.  1,  - - 

13 

ny2 

20 

55 

22  x 27 

1434 

850 

300 

900 

90 

No.  2, 

17 

1434 

25 

58 

26  x 31 

I634 

1200 

500 

1500 

120 

No.  3,  - - 

21 

18 14 

30 

63 

29  x 34 

17 

1700 

800 

2400 

185 

No.  4,  - 

25 

22  y2 

35 

67 

34  x 40 

1834 

2-1-50 

1000 

3000 

250 

No.  5,  - - 

31 

28  y2 

41 

73 

1 42  x 50 

21 

3900 

1700 

5100 

300 

16 


The  Mahony  Self-Feeding  Hot  Water  Heater 

WITH 


EXTERIOR  PERSPECTIVE  VIEW. 


Return  Flue  Jacket 


17 


SECTIONAL  VIEW. 


Figure  2. 


The  Mahony  Self-Feeding  Hot  Water  Heater 

WITH 


Return  Flue  Jacket 


18 


Horizontal  Section  of  the  Upper  Part  of  the  Heater. 


figure  3. 


Figure  3,  shown  above,  explains  the  arrangement  of  the  heating  surfaces  above  the 
lire  in  all  the  styles  of  heater,  except  that  in  the  surface-burning  heater,  the  magazine  B, 
is  omitted.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  water  extends  over  the  lire- box,  while  the  dames  and 
gases  pass  freely  between  the  heavy  folds  and  come  in  contact  with  a very  great  extent 
of  surface.  The  great  advantage  of  this  disposition  of  the  heating  surface  is,  that  the 
circulation  is  in  no  way  impeded,  the  surfaces  cannot  become  foul,  and  the  volume  of 
water  in  the  heater  is  kept  very  small.  Referring  to  the  cut,  “ K ” represents  the  water 
space,  “A”  the  fire-space  and  “B”  the  magazine. 

Figure  4,  page  20,  shows  the  exterior  of  heater  without  the  return  Hue  jacket.  In 
this  form  the  Mahony  Heater  has  won  its  present  excellent  reputation,  and  it  represents 
the  simplest,  cheapest,  and  for  the  cost,  the  most  powerful  hot  water  heater  made. 
While  it  is  not  so  economical  of  fuel  as  the  heaters  having  the  return  Hue  jacket,  it  is 
fully  guaranteed  and  has  always  proven  as  economical  as  any  of  its  competitors,  and  in 
competing  with  others  on  the  market,  this  plain  heater  should  be  used  in  making  com- 
parisons. No  time  is  lost  in  setting  it  up  and  packing  it,  as  with  all  sectional  heaters, 
nor  is  there  any  danger  of  leakage  or  cracking  from  unequal  expansion. 

Figure  5 is  a sectional  and  interior  perspective  view  of  the  plain  heater,  showing  the 
construction  of  the  inner  shell  or  fire-pot,  and  the  self -feeding  magazine.  Too  great 
stress  cannot  be  laid  upon  the  fact,  that  the  heating  surfaces  are  all  exposed  to  direct 
radiant  heat,  as  well  as  fiame  contact,  and  that  they  cannot  become  choked  with  soot 
and  ashes.  Another  strong  point,  is  the  little  labor  required  in  filling  the  magazine  and 
caring  for  the  fire  ; everything  being  arranged  for  convenience  and  cleanliness. 


19 


THE  MAHONY  ROCKER  GRATE. 


PATENTED. 


20 


EXTERIOR  PERSPECTIVE  VIEW. 


Figure  4. 


The  Mahony  Self-Feeding  Hot  Water  Heater 
without  Jacket. 


21 


The  Mahony  Self-Feeding  Hot  Water  Heater 
without  Jacket. 


SECTIONAL  VIEW. 


22 


DIMENSIONS, 

HEATING 

POWER  AND 

PRICE  LIST 

OF 

THE 

MAHONY 

HOT 

WATER 

HEATER 

WITHOUT  JACKET. 

SIZE  OF 

HEATER. 

Diameter 

of 

Fire-Box. 

Diameter 

of 

Grate. 

Height 

of 

Heater. 

Size 

of 

Heater  Base. 

Height  of 

Return  Opening 

from  floor. 

Weight 

of 

Heater  Complete. 

Heating  Power 

in  sq  ft.  of 

surface. 

Heating  Power 

in  ft.  of 

One  Inch  Pipe. 

Price. 

inches. 

inches. 

inches. 

inches. 

inches. 

lbs. 

sq.  ft. 

lin.  ft. 

No.  0,  - - - 

10 

9 

51 

17  x 20 

12* 

500 

150 

450 

t 40 

No.  1,  - - - 

13 

11* 

55 

22  x 27 

14* 

800 

250 

750 

65 

No.  2,  - - - 

17 

14* 

58 

26  x 31 

16* 

1100 

450 

1350 

90 

No.  3,  - - - 

21 

18* 

63 

29  x 34 

17 

1600 

700 

2100 

140 

No.  4,  - - - 

25 

m 

67 

34  x 40 

H-N 

GO 

2300 

1000 

3000 

190 

No.  5,  - - 

31 

28* 

73 

42  x 50 

21 

3600 

1500 

4500 

240 

EQUALIZING  TABLE  OF  AREAS  OF  PIPES. 


The  number  of  pipes  of  any  size  in  left-hand  column  that  are  equal  to  one  of  given 
larger  diameter  will  be  found  where  the  two  sizes  intersect  in  the  table.  The  measure- 
ments given  are  for  actual  working  sizes  of  pipes. 


Sizes  of  Pipes. 

*-inch. 

f-inch. 

1-inch. 

lf-in. 

l*-in. 

2-inch.  2*-in. 

3-inch. 

3*-in. 

4-inch. 

4*-in. 

5-inch. 

*-inch 

1. 

1.7 

1. 

2.8 

1.6 

1. 

4.9 

2.6 

1.7 

1. 

6.6 

3.8 

2.3 

1.3 

1. 

11. 

6.2 

3.8 

2.2 

1.6 

1. 

15.6 

8.9 

5.5 

3.1 

2.3 

1.4 

1. 

24. 

13.8 

8.5 

4.9 

.3.6 

2.2 

1.5 

1. 

32. 

18. 

11. 

6.6 

4.8 

2.9 

2. 

1.3 

1. 

41. 

23. 

14. 

8. 

6.2 

3.8 

2.6 

1.7 

1.2 

1. 

52. 

30. 

18. 

10. 

7.7 

4.7 

3.3 

2.1 

1.6 

1.2 

1. 

65. 

37. 

23. 

13. 

9.7 

5.3 

4.1 

2.7 

2. 

1.6 

1.2 

1. 

f-inch 

1-inch 

1 f-inch 

l*-inch 

2-inch 

2*-inch 

3-inch 

3*-inch 

4-inch 

4-*-inch 

5-inch 

Internal  Areas  j 
of  Pipes. . . . | 

.3048 

.5333 

.8627 

1.496 

2.038  3.355 

4.783 

7.388 

9.887 

12.73 

15.93 

19.99 

23 


SURFACES  AND  CAPACITIES  OF  PIPES. 


Sizes  of 
Pipes. 

Jo-inch. 

/4-inch. 

1-inch. 

lJ4-in. 

lj^-in. 

2-inch. 

2K-in- 

3-inch. 

3i£-in. 

4-inch. 

4J£-m. 

5-inch. 

1.  Outside' 
circumfer- 
ences  of 
Pipes  in 
inches. . . . 

■ 

2.052 

3.299 

4. 130 

5.215 

5.909 

7.401 

9.032 

10.99 

12.50 

14.13 

15.70 

17.47 

2.  Length 
of  Pipe  in 
feet  per 
squ’re  foot 
of  outside 
surface. . . 

■ 

4.52 

3. 03 

2.90 

2.30 

2.01 

1.61 

1.32 

1.09 

.954 

.S49 

.763 

. 080 

3.  Number 
of  square 
feet  of  out- 
si  d e sur- 
face in  ten 
lineal  feet 
of  Pipe. . 

2.21 

2.74 

3.44 

4.34 

4.97 

0.21 

7.52 

9.10 

10.44 

11.78 

13.09 

10. 56 

4.  Cubic  in- 
ches of  in- 
ternal ca- 
pacity in 
ten  lineal 
ft.  of  Pipe 

30.5 

03.9 

103.5 

179.5 

244.5 

402.6 

573.9 

886. 6 

1180.4 

1527.6 

1912.6 

2398.8 

5.  Weight 
in  lbs.  of 
Water  in 
ten  lineal 
ft.  of  Pipe 

1.38 

2.31 

3. 75 

0. 5 

8.8 

14.0 

20.8 

32. 1 

43.0 

55.4 

09.3 

86.9 

Table  giving  Openings  of  Flow  and  Return  Pipes  of 
Mahony  Water  Circulator. 


Size  of  Heater. 

Openings  for  Flow  Pipe. 

Openings  for  Return  Pipe. 

Combined  Areas 

of 

Flow  Pipes. 

Combined  Areas 

of 

Return  Pipes. 

NUMBER. 

SIZE. 

NUMBER. 

SIZE. 

No.  0 

2 

li  in. 

2 

1|  in. 

2.98  in. 

2.98  in. 

No.  1 

2 

14  in. 

2 

14  in. 

4.00  in. 

4.06  in. 

No.  2 

2 

2 in. 

2 

2 in. 

0.7  in. 

6.7  in 

No.  3 

2 

2£  in. 

2 

2^  in. 

9.56  in. 

9.56  in. 

No.  4 

2 

3 in. 

2 

3 in. 

14.76  in. 

14.76  in. 

No.  5 

2 

4 in. 

. 2 

4 in. 

25.46  in. 

25.46  in. 

24 


EXTERIOR  PERSPECTIVE  VIEW. 


Figure  6. 


The  Mahony  Surface-Burning  Hot  Water  Heater 

WITH 

Return  Flue  Jacket. 


25 


SECTIONAL  VIEW. 


FIGURE  7. 


The  Mahony  Surface-Burning  Hot  Water  Heater 

WITH 


Return  Flue  Jacket. 


26 


THE  SURFACE-BURNING  HEATER. 

In  figures  6 and  7 are  shown  the  exterior  and  interior  views  of  our  new  Hot  Water 
Heater,  made  as  a surface  burner.  On  the  comparative  merits  of  the  two  methods  of 
firing — self-feeding  or  surface-burning — there  is  diversity  of  opinion  among  engineers 
and  the  trade.  We  consider  the  self-feeding  form  the  one  calculated  to  secure  the  most 
uniform  temperature  with  the  least  frequent  attention,  a very  important  consideration  in 
heating  residences.  Many  claim,  however,  that  greater  power  can  be  obtained  from 
same  size  boiler  and  from  a given  amount  of  fuel  by  using  the  surface-burning  form. 

To  meet  the  demand  of  some  of  our  customers,  the  surface- burner  has  been  pro- 
duced, and  it  certainly  justifies  the  expense  involved  in  its  construction.  Always 
adhering  to  our  rule  that  free  circulation  is  the  prime  essential  of  a hot  water 
heater,  while  self -cleaning  healing  surfaces  are  next  in  importance,  we  still  increase  the 
effective  heating  surface  by  the  removal  of  the  magazine  and  the  addition  of  the  upper 
water-section.  This  upper  section  is  joined  to  the  main  boiler  by  “right  and  left” 
nipples,  and  is  all  connected  prior  to  shipment.  The  fire-pot  is  deep,  and  will  hold  suffi- 
cient coal  to  maintain  the  fire  for  from  six  to  twelve  hours  in  coldest  weather.  No 
sectional  boiler  can  compare  with  this  for  clean  and  effective  heating  surface,  free  circu- 
lation, perfect  combustion,  or  economy  of  fuel. 


DIMENSIONS,  HEATING  POWER  AND  PRICE  LIST 

OF  THE 

SURFACE-BURNING 

M/cHONY  HOT  WATER  HEATER 

WITH  RETURN  FLUE  JACKET  COMPLETE. 


SIZE  OF 

HEATER. 

Diameter 

of 

Fire-Box. 

u 

S 'c  cS 

5 <5 

Diameter 

of 

Jacket. 

1 1 

Height 

of 

Heater. 

Size 

of 

Heater  Base. 

Height  of 
Return  Opening 
from  floor. 

Weight 

of 

Heater  Complete. 

1 Heating  Power 
in  sq.  ft.  of 
surface. 

Heating  Power 
in  feet  of 

One  Inch  Pipe. 

Price. 

No.  0, 

inches. 

10 

inches. 

9 

inches. 

17 

inches. 

48 

inches. 

17  x 20 

inches. 

12  y2 

lbs. 

550 

sq.  ft. 
200 

lin.  ft. 
600 

$ 60 

No.  1,  - - 

13 

ny2 

20 

50 

22  x 27 

uy2 

850 

330 

1000 

90 

No.  2,  - 

17 

ny2 

25 

53 

26  x 31 

it>y2 

1200 

600 

1800 

120 

No.  3,  - - 

21 

isy2 

30 

56 

29  x 34 

17 

1700 

1000 

3000 

185 

No.  4, 

25 

22y 

35 

60 

34  x 40 

1814 

2450 

1200 

3600 

250 

No.  5,  - - 

31 

28  # 

41 

62 

| 42  x 50 

21 

3900 

2000 

6000 

300 

27 


Proportions  of  Radiating  Surfaces  to  Space  to  be  Heated. 


One  Square  Foot  of  Radiating 

Surface  will  Heat 

In  Dwellings, 

School  Rooms, 

Offices,  etc. 

In  Halls,  Stores, 

Lofts,  Factories, 

etc. 

In  Churches, 

Large  Auditoriums, 

etc. 

Low  Pressure  Direct  Hot  Water  | 
Radiation j 

25  to  50  cubic  feet. 

35  to  65  cubic  feet. 

70  to  130  cubic  feet. 

High  Pressure  Direct  Hot  Water  J 
Radiation | 

40  to  70 

65  to  90 

130  to  180 

Low  Pressure  Indirect  Hot  j 
Water  Radiation ^ 

15  to  40 

25  to  50  “ 

50  to  100  “ 

High  Pressure  Indirect  Hot  j 
Water  Radiation | 

20  to  60 

35  to  75 

70  to  150 

Notice. — The  above  table  is  given  simply  to  suggest  to  the  inexperienced  the  proper  amount  of  surface  to  use  under 
various  conditions,  and  applies  to  average  cases  where  the  temperature  sometimes  reaches  25°  Fah.  below  zero.  It  means 
that  in  very  much  exposed  small  buildings  the  lowest  estimates  should  be  used,  while  under  more  favorable  conditions  a 
smaller  proportion  of  surface  will  do  the  work,  but  just  what  the  conditions  are  must  be  decided  by  the  heating  engineer  or 
party  introducing  the  system. 


[MANUFACTURER’S  GUARANTEE. 

The  heating  capacities  have  been  given  for  the  various  sizes  and  styles  of  heaters, 
and  they  are  fully  guaranteed  at  their  rated  capacity  if  under  proper  conditions.  The 
figures  given  represent,  as  such  figures  always  do,  the  limit  or  highest  capacities  of  the 
boilers  when  under  favorable  conditions  for  good  work.  By  “favorable  conditions”  it 
is  meant  that  all  pipes  not  counted  as  heating  surface  must  be  so  covered  as  to  prevent 
loss  of  heat;  there  must  be  the  proper  amount  of  radiating  surface  to  heat  the  rooms 
when  the  water  reaches  the  boiling  point;  the  piping  must  be  done  so  that  free  circula- 
tion of  the  hot  water  through  the  whole  system  is  secured;  the  chimney  must  have  good 
draft,  the  fire  must  be  properly  cared  for,  and  the  coal  must  be  good.  When  these  con- 
ditions are  met,  and  not  until  then,  does  the  manufacturer  assume  responsibility  for  the 
work  of  the  heaters.  As  previously  stated,  it  is  never  wise  to  expect  a boiler  to  work 
properly  at  its  full  rated  capacity,  for  it  is  seldom  put  under  favorable  conditions  for  its 
best  work. 


Elevation  and  Plans  of  Residence,  showing  Method  of 
Heating  by  Hot  Water  Circulation. 


SECTIONAL  ELEVATION. 


EXPLANATION 

A.  Circulating  boiler. 

B.  Smoke  pipe  with  damper. 

D.  Main  flow  and  branch  pipes. 

E.  Main  return  and  branch  pipes. 


OF  LETTERS  USED  IN  THIS  SET  OF  PLATES 

G.  Connection  to  expansion  tank. 

H.  Vertical  flow  and  return  pipes  to  radiators  on  second  floor. 

K.  Flow  and  return  pipes  to  radiators  on  first  floor. 

L.  Expansion  tank,  with  water  gauge,  and  overflow  pipe. 

R.  Radiators. 


Note. — Expansion  tank  is  connected  by  one-half  inch  pipe  to  return  pipe  in  cellar. 


20 


CELLAR. 


Total  capacity  of  apartments  heated,  ------  12,000  cubic  feet. 

Total  heating  surface  in  Radiators,  -------  385  square  feet. 

Cost  of  Water  Roiler  (No.  2,  with  Return  Flue  Jacket),  -----  $120  00 

Cost  of  Radiators  and  Piping,  - --  --  --  --  --  350  00 

Cost  of  Complete  Apparatus,  - - - - - - - - - $4i0  00 


30 


FIRST  FLOOR. 


VERANDA 


31 


SECOND  FLOOR. 


PLANS  AND  ELEVATIONS 

SHOWING 

WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  FOR  A FLAT 


32 


33 


35 


SOME  RADIATORS. 

We  are  very  frequently  asked  by  those  about  to  introduce  new  heating  apparatus, 
what  Hot  Water  Radiators  look  like.  There  are  numerous  forms,  varying  in  price, 
effectiveness,  and  style  of  finish.  Just  which  are  the  best  forms  to  use  depends  more 
upon  the  “ taste  and  fancy  ” of  the  buyer,  than  upon  any  particular  difference  in  merit 
between  the  products  of  leading  manufacturers.  It  is  sometimes  necessary  to  make 
special  sizes  in  order  to  get  within  a given  space;  or  it  is  often  the  case  that  dealers 
prefer  to  make  their  own  radiators  to  keep  their  men  busy  during  the  dull  season.  Such 
radiators  are  neatly  made  of  pipes  with  cast  iron  fittings,  and  are  the  most  effective  form 
for  water  heating.  See  the  samples  given  below  in  figures  8 and  9. 


figure  a. 


Figure  8 — Two-row  wall  coil,  convenient  for  use  in  narrow  hallways,  etc. 


Figure  9. 


Figure  9 shows  a form  of  box  coil  as  used  in  indirect  radiation,  or  as  often  used  in 
residences,  churches  and  stores  for  direct  radiation,  in  which  case  they  are  generally 
covered  with  ornamental  covers  or  screens,  as  shown  in  Figures  10  and  11. 


Pattern  No 


3G 


This  cut  shows  box-coil  screen  with  marble  top,  as  made  by  the  Tuttle  & Bailey  Mfg.  Co.,  83 
Beekman  Street,  New  York,  and  64  Union  Street,  Boston. 


This  figure  shows  another  form  of  box-coil  screen  made  by  the  Tuttle  & Bailey  Mfg.  Co. 
through  whose  courtesy  the  cuts  are  furnished. 


37 


figure  11.  pattern  no. 


38 


CAST  IRON  RADIATORS. 


Among  manufacturers  of  cast  iron  hot  water  radiators  The  A.  A.  Griffing  Iron  Co., 
of  Jersey  City,  JST.  J.,  occupies  a leading  position.  Through  their  courtesy  we  show  cuts 
of  several  radiators  of  their  make. 

FIGURE  12.  FIGURE  13. 


Figure  12 — The  ‘ Bundy”  one  row  radiator,  with  flow-pipe  connection  at  top. 
Figure  13 — The  “Bundy”  radiator,  with  flow-pipe  connection  at  bottom. 


Figure  14. 


Figure  14  shows  the  new  “Bundy  Elite,”  a very  attractive  radiator,  constructed  on 
correct  principles. 


39 


The  H.  B.  Smith  Co.,  of  Westfield,  Mass.,  have  kindly  furnished  us  cuts  of  their 
popular  ‘‘Union’’  radiators,  of  which  we  show  top,  end  and  side  view,  in  Figures  16,  17 
and  18  respectively. 


Figure  16. 


40 


The  “Eclipse”  radiators,  manufactured  by  The  Eclipse  Manufacturing  Co.,  Chicago, 
have  many  excellent  points.  Their  neat  appearance  is  shown  in  Figure  19.  Figures  20 
and  21  show  the  top  and  side  views  respectively  of  the  Eclipse  Hot  Closet  Radiator. 


FIGURE  22. 


The  radiator  shown  in  Figure  22  is  a sample  of 
corrugated  brass  radiators  made  by  the  Wainwright 
Manufacturing  Co.,  of  Boston.  It  is  very  neat  and 
attractive  in  appearance. 


